University OF The West Of Scotland

University OF The West Of Scotland

Project management is a developed planning and tactics to meet the requirements and objectives of the project successfully by utilizing the organizational resources and capabilities. The aim of this study is to analyze the tools and techniques of project management, the personality of the project managers and the key factors that lead the managers towards achieving success. The assignment is useful to analyze the Scottish Parliament project and as per the findings, the project faced difficulties due to lack of timing, budget constraint, poor communication, error in designing the buildings, lack of understanding regarding the customer’s preferences and lack of efficiency of the contractors, developers and engineers,. These factors further deteriorated the value of the Scottish project, but later there was a scope for the project manager to reestablish effective planning and complete the project successfully. The study also provides an opportunity to discuss the suggestions to develop effective planning for successful completion of the project. Stakeholder’s management is one of the key success factors which are also discussed in this study. The project managers try to improve communication and collaboration with all the stakeholders including government, social communities, customers, contractors, computer operators, developers and promoters who are engaged with the Scottish Project. Additionally, the discussion about the strategies of utilizing effective technique for project management, performance evaluation, managing the employee’s values, cost effectively, resource allocation and time management are useful for managing the Scottish project proficiently.

Introduction

The coursework of the assignment is providing suitability of available projects, tools, techniques and performance measures and other successful factors for project management. The key measures will be regardless to the industry and circumstances (Ahiaga-Dagbui & Smith, 2014). The assignment aims at stimulating critical thinking and the key principles of project management and development of core competencies that requires being achieved scope of the project. The assignment will provide critical evaluation of “Scottish Parliament Project” using “Holyrood Inquiry document” as the basis of critical analysis focusing on the core principles including project manager personality, tools and techniques, stakeholders and project environment along with performance of project.

Discussing Scottish Parliament Project

The building of Scottish Parliament is basically the home for the Parliament of Scottish in Holyrood. The building was commenced in June 1999. The project was published on paper in July 1997, within the same year; the project was published in site at Holyrood. In January 1998 the site was selected, and the building was announced. Designer competition was also launched within the same month (Hart, 2017). Number of designs was submitted, and cost was consulted within the same year. Later in September within the same year site was formally purchased from Newcastle and Scottish and in October demolition of work finally started (Andler 2008). The building of Scottish Parliament seemed to be integrated a spot associated with 1.6 and situated 1 km east associated with the capital of Scotland city centre around the side on the old pull constructed through a variety of metallic, pine, and stone, the revolutionary Scottish Parliament can be a striking and extremely sophisticated building with higher high quality products and a few unusual design and construction features (Andrew & Pitt, 2016). The parliament seemed to be obtained making use of “Structure Supervision Procurement” when most of the threats continue to be with the client. The money necessary for the revolutionary parliament seemed to be initially calculated on $50 mil back come July 1st, 1997 along with disgusting spot 20,740 m. remaining valuation on this project seemed to be $414 mil and carried out in Aug 2004 after 42 weeks delay. Whole industry contracts given ended up 58 numbers (Lyon &Fazey, 2015).

Project Manager personality

The project manager is the person who is fully responsible for the successful start, design, design, implementation, monitoring, management and closure of the project (Newton, 2009). The project manager must have a variety of skills, including the ability to provide detailed questions, analyse unspecified assumptions and disagreements and general managerial skills (Bronte et.al, 2015). The project manager is the person responsible for both large and small decisions. The project manager must ensure that they manage risk and reduce uncertainty. All decisions made by the promoter must be of direct benefit to the project. The project manager should have appropriate training on project management techniques and processes. For validated tasks, check approved training, for example, PRINCE2 experts. The skills and experience of project skills must meet the requirements of the project and the company should finance appropriate training. The project manager is responsible for the results of the project and must have the technical knowledge and experience of projects and technical management (Flyvbjerg et.al, 2014).

In this context, the personality trait of the project managers plays a crucial role in managing and directing the project which is helpful for successful completion of the project. In this regard, the project managers need to be realistic and set an achievable goal which is possible for the organisation to maximise. In addition to these, project managers need to have leadership skill which provides a scope to the managers to collaborate and cooperate in better way in the company and lead the team managers towards achieving success. in the Scottish project, the project managers also ends to have leadership skill through which he can manage the employees and improve cooperation and communication in the project so that proper decision can be made for seceding in the project. The project manager must have creative skill so that it is easy to develop innovative way to complete the project in a cost effective manner (Flyvbjerg, 2017). Positive attitude and polite behaviour are also one type of personality trait which needs to be present among the project managers so that they can interact with the sub ordinates and maximise the company’s goals efficiently. Clarifying clear roles and vision of the company as well as communicating about the changes taken place on the Scottish project can be effective for the project top proceed the changes and make the project successful as initially there is some mistakes related to budget constraint, lack of timing and error in designing the building. This personality trait of the project managers provide a scope to them to communicate with all the stakeholders and build an effective team where they can work cooperatively and conduct the project proficiently.

Tools and Techniques

A number of tools and techniques are already defined as a good choice for doing stakeholder engagement or management within the structured projects (Andler, 2008). Tools and technology are an essential part of project management through which it is possible to complete the project within the given period of time. Project management tools and technology are the only reason to make project management easier and more efficient. Each aspect of project management has its own tools, which contain a number of useful techniques to conduct the project within proper time and with adequate investment. The main role of (Project management tools and Techniques) PMTT is to communicate successful projects. This is because PMTT is considered to be an important part of the project management process described. The definition of tools and technology that accompanies the Merriam-Webster Collision Dictionary (1996) is as follows. The device is defined as something that is used to perform an operation or is necessary for professional or professional work. Technology is defined as the way to achieve the desired goal. In this case, PMTT refers to a program or system implementation that is used to achieve specific project management that can be conducted proficiently by utilising resources and organisational capabilities (Flinders et al., 2017).

Many authors agreed that, the use of PMTT often affects project performance. The researchers discussed the potential benefits of appropriate PMTT utilization: increased efficiency, less training, better predictable tasks, stakeholder interests, project success and better communication. In addition, he proposed that project managers should have sufficient knowledge and experience in using PMTT. A study by Might and Fischer (1985) indicated that, if the project manager selects PMTT, which he uses for project management, this will lead to better project activities. Researchers pointed out that one of the shortcomings in the implementation of project management is lack of using PMTT. The study showed that there was one reason why the PMTT was misused during the project week. Some field studies indicate that timing or budget measurement and inappropriate use of technology and technology management can undermine the overall performance of the project (Kerr, 2016).

Project Management Tools and Techniques

Project management tools and techniques includes cist management tactics, quality assurance, time management, employee’s management, managing communication and risk management planning which are responsible for a successful project. A successful project mainly depends on the time, cost, quality, scope and risk of variables. As stated above, the Scottish Parliament was timely and unable to afford it. We managed to manage the scale and risk, the project cost over $ 350 million and the delay was 42 months, but the quality was achieved, because all risks are passed on to the client and therefore the problem is fully known, there is a risk of completing the construction of the monitoring equipment, as it causes harmful effects. This is the role of project management. For project management, it is the responsibility of the managers and other sub contractors to manage the complexities associated in the project and develop suitable technique to complete the project successfully (Macwhirter, 2018).

Scottish Parliament, procurement, the adoption of amendments and the change in the size of the budget was complex. It affects the entire process of construction, supervision and performance of the contractors due to lack of communication between key factors such as EMBT promoters and RMRJ exchange management systems. The exercises carried out within the framework of the Scottish Parliamentary Building Project have made some proposals that could save at least $ 25 million, but the continuing failure of the new system has changed (Valkama, 2016).

Stakeholders and Project Environment

Stakeholder operations are the procedure through which a person confirms and also controls service coming from interior team people and also exterior parties regarding something new or even venture or even transform in the organisation. Conversation expertise is employed to take care of the particular stakeholders including, managers, investors, shareholders, contractors, government and customers (Bennett and Peace, 2006). The business owners and board of directors need to take the responsibility to satisfy all the stakeholders by fulfilling their requirements as well as building trust and loyalty among them. The company owners may improve faith by simply active listening (Flyvbjerg, 2017). Several relationships together with stakeholders are working one on one meeting. Still others may need to communicate via statement or any other composed methods. Most of these conditions are believed to be operations skills. The particular manager in the building project will likely be at the centre in this article in terms of the expertise, nevertheless this specific got just about all will also apply to an associate the particular venture team. This kind of what is known as the particular comfortable expertise make reference to an individual’s ability to develop have faith in, and also produce any message definitely and also positively. The particular venture professionals ought to have the skills to control stakeholder belief in regard to the project (McGibbon & Abdel, 2016).

The thought of increasing for stakeholders advanced as a result of Freeman’s “Strategic Managing: Some sort of Stakeholder Approach” which in turn was crowned the theoretical floor additional developments. Stakeholder hypothesis includes organizational management as well as ethics where proper leadership, communication, cooperative working practice, organisational culture and good governance are useful to manage all the stakeholders engaged with the particular project. Recently, the management team are concerned about shareholder capitalization as well as encouraging stakeholder’s value maximization. For many years, economists are determining the purpose of a business seeing that musical instrument to utilize investors thought this was additionally referenced the actual legalised objective of any business (Inver Nizzi, Locatelli, & Brookes, 2017). It further explained that, legislations has not characterized the purpose of a business to utilize investors; legislations basically states to undertake the actual lawful. This may also clarify the purpose of a project seeing that instrument established to supply added benefits to its stakeholders which include the actual task owner.

Stakeholder’s management in this regard is necessary for all the project mangers so that it is possible to retain efficient stakeholders for long run and conduct the project successfully (Brown, 2018). The project mangers try to improve communication with all the stakeholders including government, customers, social communities, employees, contractors and managers and shareholders who are engaged with the project. For example, in the present case study, there arises an issue related to managing the stakeholders as there is lack of cooperation and poor communication which further deteriorates the value of the project. In order to manage the stakeholders, the project management team also try to clarify the clear roles and responsibilities as well as acknowledge heir actual needs and preferences so that it is easy to maximise their values by fulfilling their requirements. Additionally, t is necessary to build corporate relationship and give them high return on investment which further helps to build loyalty and trust among all the stakeholders. Hereby, organisational culture, positive attitude of the people, managing legislations and corporate governance are useful to improve the project environment and retain the efficient stakeholders for long run. Construction industry is related to collaborative working practice where all the contractors, project managers, stakeholders including the suppliers and distributors of raw materials, engineers for managing information technology and other equipment as well as the owners of the company are cooperating to maximise the project aims and objectives (Bronte-Stewart, 2015).

Project Procurement

With 21st August 1998 throughout the construction as well as regulate class, portion of the Directorate of the administrator companies consisting of the design and style crew, Mrs Doig, Physician Gibbons, Mr Armstrong as well as civil servants resolved in 1998 to choose for engineering administration as a fast observe having solution to developing this Holyrood parliament (Carman, Johns & Mitchell, 2014). The reason why has been this determination obtained without totally comprehending the requirements of the chosen procurement process therefore to make sure their suitability together with the Holyrood project considering that the buyer was lacking the feeling as well as knowledge associated with engineering administration? That they unsuccessful to make sure the hazards as well as troubles associated with throughout the construction administration process likewise in comparison with various other procurement choices that has to be readily available as well as far better throughout experiencing the ambitions as well as things to construct fit for parliament promptly along with bare minimum cost. The customer stayed within the obtaining conclusion associated with throughout the construction risk of rapid price tag maximize caused by too little risk administration as well as disappointment to have the greatest balance associated with risk concerning purchaser as well as contractor (Wright, 2018).

It is related to query why this procurement team of the Scottish Place of work has not been discussed in the course of this question which saw for the usage associated with engineering administration because the procurement solution to this Holyrood project. That led to this accrual associated with troubles which beset this advancement as well as dwell of the project. Engineering administration has been generally applicable throughout easier industrial developing in which the layout risk is significantly cheaper as well as intricate houses where the buyer practical knowledge throughout the construction practice, totally involved, willing to work closely along with the availability area competitors as well as value the fee problem as well as with risk significance which had been false along with that surrounding this clientele of the Holyrood project (Hart, 2017).

Stakeholder Management

Stakeholder management is an essential aspect to the actual thriving transport of your undertaking, programme or even activity. A stakeholder is almost any personal, team or even corporation which could have an effect on, have, or even see on its own to attract the programme. Stakeholder management creates optimistic human relationships along with stakeholders by way of the perfect management of their particular anticipations plus decided objectives (Phillips, Bothell, & Snead, 2002). Stakeholder management is a procedure that has to be planned and guided simply by root principles. Stakeholder management in companies, organizations, or even projects conditions an approach of making use of facts (or intelligence) accumulated for the duration of the next widespread processes (Brown, 2018).

  • Speak: To guarantee supposed meaning is grasped and the preferred reaction achieved.
  • Check with, earlier and frequently: To find the beneficial facts and concepts, inquire questions.
  • Bear in mind: Work using an awareness of man feelings.
  • Approach the idea: Time period expense plus meticulous planning from the idea, possesses an important payoff.
  • Marriage: Try and engender believe in while using the stakeholders.
  • Very simple yet challenging: Show ones care. Always be empathetic. Hear for the stakeholders.
  • Coping with probability: Stakeholders can usually be treated while probability plus options which may have probabilities plus impact.
  • Compromise: Compromise throughout a set of stakeholders diverging priorities.
  • Be responsible: Job governance is key involving undertaking results

It is well accepted that, any given corporation can have various stakeholders which include, but is not limited by, buyers, shareholders, employees, manufacturers, and so forth. In the field of promotion, it is truly thought that, clients are probably the most essential stakeholders pertaining to managing their long-term cost, which has a firm’s significant intent currently being the actual management of customer support (Parker & Richter, 2016).

Project Organization

Whilst it is likely of which a high quality creating is it being shipped; time and expense aims were not met. Exactly the same high quality happens to be realized at a lower price in the event the entire design and construction method has been superior executed. In every development job it is vital in order to stabilise high quality with some time and cost. In 1998 the customer needed that your building needs to be done by summer season 2001. Occasion had been a priority (Ahiaga & Smith, 2014). Quality continues to be equally important throughout the project. The particular organisation with the Holyrood job really should have has a one reason for authority and also control wherever judgements might be used concerning how to stability time frame, expense and also high quality included in the purchaser decision making process (Newton, 2009). Management and also command over the actual job had not been evidently established. Generally, authority and control will need to be living while using the job movie director (sometimes referred to as job sponsor) whom is an essential person job management (Macwhirter, 2018). Whilst some sort of draw up strategy appeared to be geared up inside Autumn 2000 many of the information and facts inside it appeared to be indicative with the prices instead of a dependable estimate with the costs. Task operations and also the customer did not employ regular budgetary control processes to allow for a comprehensive deliberation over cost, high quality and also time in the actual decision-making process (Parker & Richter, 2016). In summer 2001 the actual Parliament accepted some sort of motions that is viewed seeing that treatment of previous overall funds concern associated with £195 million. After that selection through the Parliament, job operations did not build an alternative solution overall funds or accepted expense roof that could encourage the prices with the job to become correctly managed. Since there was an excellent funds dependant on good expense quotations soon after summer 2001, there was a danger of which job operations would likely give full attention to reaching premium quality and also limited deadlines without taking entire profile with the expense significances (Carman, 2014).

Project Performance

Project performance mainly depends on the budget volume invested in the project as well as time allocated for the project. The new building in the Scottish Parliament seems to have failed in terms of cost and time, but the building was later prominent for modern construction (Phillips et.al, 2002). Since 2004, there have been more than 250,000 visitors in six months. During the year, this became the number one tourist destination in Scotland. The completion of the project has resulted in financial bleeding and a smaller disaster will disappear. However, it is important to recall the reasons for the project’s error and the lessons learned. The points listed below must be taken into account (Hendry et al., 2016).

Purchasing Line: The selected purchase path must enable them to manage the risks involved. This is not necessarily for risk analysis or transfer from one party to another. The building management route specifies the customer with all the risks and is even worse if the customer has no building experience.

Milestone: to measure progress in a project, it is important to submit project milestones to help identify areas where problems are present and correct. Proper Gantt chart needs to be developed so that the contractors and the developers can follow the chart and conduct the operational activities step by step with the allocated period of time. In this regard, project milestone is important for the Scottish project also as it provides a scope to the developers and contractors to follow the project planning and conduct the operations within proper time.

Communication and management: the appointment of clients, promoters, project managers and project managers and changes in their anti-sociality indicate a lack of leadership. Due to their long-term customers, their views are different, and they do not control the project. Therefore, one of the leading roles is the lack of leadership and the support of the management of management processes. It is necessary for the project managers to build strong relationship with all the stakeholders involved in the Scottish project including the promoters, contractors, engineers and shareholders. This is essential for the project manager to maintain loyalty and trust and enhance cooperative working practice so that they can maximise the aim of the project. However, in the present case study, the management team failed to cooperate and this further deteriorated the quality of the project affecting the successful completion of the sight. Later, the misunderstanding and mistakes are resolved where the managers and controllers try to cooperate with each other and communicate verbally or non-verbally to achieve the ultimate goals of conducting the project successfully.

Budget: The initial budget was insufficient as it was intended to expand existing construction, but later it was decided to build a new building. Due to insufficient design and ambiguous design, cost accounting is not complete or realistic. It is important to determine the first scope and to draw up a cost plan. Operational cost needs to be analysed which includes the cost of raw materials, equipments and hiring cost. Organisational expenses are also considered for financial accounting and apart from that the capital cost is also included which are for investing in the project, cars, computers and other machineries in the construction sites. In addition to these, the project manager also needs to consider staffing cost including salary and other benefits for the contractors, developers and engineers who are the main stakeholders to complete the project successfully.

Project Planning: It is important to develop a realistic plan at the start of the project, especially if it is a high technical complexity or risk project, or when the time is shortened. Due to political and urgent intervention, the time of the Parliament building was precise and ineffective and did not change the scale of the changed and additional jobs. Planning and tracking accurate construction is the key to success. All stakeholders should understand the disadvantages of planning (Ahiaga& Smith, 2014).

In addition, it is advisable to prevent politicians from participating in the building and the decision-making process and in securing a reserve and capital project.

Conclusion

The above report focuses on discussing the existing problems in the Scottish Parliament building a project, both in terms of time and cost, regardless of the quality standard. Some policy interventions, blurry design, long term customers, lack of experience in procurement management, project teams, threatening launches, etc are the major factors which deteriorated the quality of the project. The project management tools and techniques are discussed above which can complete the projects in a timely manner and within the specified budget. Identifying the risks associated with complex projects with relevant procurement, assigning roles and responsibilities to the right project, producing realistic project plans, and defining management and communication technologies are some of the key suggestions which can improve cooperation and efficiency of the contractors in completing the project successfully. The method of electing and managing the new Scottish parliament rejected a credible assessment from the beginning. Similarly, promoters seem to need quality first as the Scottish project was failed due to lack of experience, poor knowledge of the employees and contractors, poor project management plan, lack of efficiency in reallocating the financial asset and capital of the company and lack of proficiency in managing appropriate timing to complete the project successfully. In this case, it is not surprising that the cost and time allow this goal to be achieved.

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